New study suggests using sedentary behavior counseling in primary care

Although primary care physicians take care of many aspects of health and disease, little is known about how they can change sedentary behavior through counseling, according to researchers at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth). Results from a new study suggest encouraging patients to decrease the time they spend sitting each day may be feasible in the primary care setting.

“Reducing sedentary time can be done by virtually everyone and requires smaller changes in energy expenditure than meeting physical activity guidelines, which usually entails a complex behavior change particularly for inactive patients,” said Kerem Shuval, Ph.D., principal investigator and assistant professor of epidemiology at The University of Texas School of Public Health Dallas Regional Campus, part of UTHealth. “Reducing sedentary time helps promote health and primary care physicians can play a major role in modifying their patients’ sedentary behavior, particularly because adults spend many of their waking hours each day sitting or in passive leisure activities.”

Results were recently published online in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

Unlike physical activity counseling, which has been investigated over the years, sedentary behavior counseling is a new term used in this study to describe a dialogue with a patient about the harmful effects of prolonged uninterrupted sitting. The average amount of time spent sitting or reclining during waking hours in the United States is almost 8hours per day, according to data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

In this study, Shuval and his colleagues asked adult primary care patients whether their providers asked, advised and encouraged them to modify their physical activity and sedentary behavior in the past year. The “5A” (ask, advise, agree, assist and arrange) framework was used to examine these questions.

Study results indicated that within the last year, only 10 percent of patients received sedentary behavior counseling compared to 53 percent who received physical activity counseling. No patients received a plan pertaining to decreasing sedentary behavior; however, 14 percent were provided with a written plan for increasing physical activity. More social support and specific strategies for behavior change were provided as it relates to increasing physical activity than decreasing sedentary behavior. Obese patients were more likely to receive counseling to decrease their sitting time.

“Accumulating evidence has found prolonged sitting to be associated with increased risk for chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes as well as premature death,” said Shuval, who is also an adjunct professor at The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UT Southwestern) and a member of the Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center at UT Southwestern.

Sedentary behavior has emerged as a new field of scientific investigation due to the detrimental health effects of prolonged sitting, according to Shuval. A number of studies have begun to explore the impact of interventions specifically focused on reducing and breaking up sedentary time.

“Our study provides initial insight into sedentary behavior counseling practices in the primary care setting,” said Shuval. “Additional research is needed prior to developing programs to change patients’ sedentary behavior.” Several countries have already begun to provide general recommendations to decrease sedentary time.

Choosing Wisely Unnecessary Testing and the Simplistic Use of Web 1 0 to Attempt Physician and Patient Behavior Change

The Model T

There are certain Disease Management Care Blog behaviors that the spouse finds.... objectionable.  She has verbally educated the DMCB about them and has left written notes about them.  Since these communications havent worked all that well, are there any other "channels" she could use? 

The DMCB spouse may be tempted to use the approach of the Choosing Wisely web-site. It provides lists of widely used medical tests and treatments that are typically unnecessary.  The lists (located here) were compiled as part of a joint physician and education project by organizations such as the American College of Cardiology (dont do stress tests in patients without cardiac symptoms) and the American College of Physicians (dont get back x-rays if the ache is non-specific). According to the press reports heralding the availability of this just opened web-site (for example), its purpose is to prompt patients and physicians "to work together" to not only make clinically wise choices, but save the U.S. health care system a lot of money.

The DMCB knows that the academic experts and organizations that developed these lists have been talking and writing about these wasteful tests and treatments for decades.  Waste has been the subject of infinite numbers of continuing education programs, grand rounds, published review articles, national meetings and guidelines.

Those approaches havent worked. 

So is the fix is to repackage the information and post it as simple text on a web page?

The DMCB cant say its impressed.  While the evidence underlying the clinical recommendations themselves is superb, there isnt any evidence that internet-based physician instruction is any better than traditional methods.  And if the purpose of the Choosing Widely web site is to prompt patient behavior change, the evidence that web-based education is better than print is pretty skinny there too. 

Its ironic that the intellectual rigor of the lists themselves wasnt matched by the same evidence-based approach to using the internet for this exercise in the first place.

Whats more, if these groups insisted on using the internet, the least they could have done was deploy a Web 2.0 approach.  The current Choosing Wisely site is so.... has been. 

That being said, there is some information that could be of use to the population health management service providers.  In contrast to the physician organizations, the DMCB is confident that theyll know how to package and present the information so that it can have a real impact.

The DMCB wishes Choosing Wisely good luck.  And in the meantime, it looks like the DMCB spouse will have to continue to rely on verbal and written feedback.... for now.